Yak milk–derived exosomes alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/C3 pathway activation

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are important parts of the mucosal barrier, whose function can be impaired upon various injury factors such as lipopolysaccharide. Although food-derived exosomes preventable against intestinal barrier injuries, there have been few studies on effect yak milk–derived and underlying mechanism that remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize exosomal proteins derived from cow milk IEC-6 treated with lipopolysaccharide relevant involved. Proteomics revealed 392 differentially expressed proteins, 58 higher 334 lower in than those exosomes. Additionally, top 20 a relatively consistent expression were identified. Protein CD46 was found regulator for alleviating inflammatory IEC-6. In vitro assay role survival inflammation by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide confirmed effectiveness increase up 18% 12 h compared (up 12%), indicating therapeutic prevention inflammation. Furthermore, shown activate PI3K/AKT/C3 signaling pathway, thus promoting survival. Our findings demonstrated an relationship between inflammation, facilitating further understanding mechanisms inflammation-driven homeostasis. Interestingly, exosomes, activated pathway more incidence severity intestine which might represent potential innovative option